Plasmodium falciparum, the pathogen that causes falciparum malaria in humans, is primarily transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and reproduces asexually in human liver cells. It then invades and consumes nutrients, destroys red blood cells, and causes symptoms such as chills and fever in the body. The pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum is mainly related to the period during which it parasitizes red blood cells. The discovery of Plasmodium parasites in peripheral blood red blood cells provides a certain basis for diagnosis.
Figure 1. The life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. (Josling G A, et al., 2015)
Main Steps of IVD for Plasmodium falciparum
Morphological examination. Take peripheral blood to make thick and thin blood films, then stain them with Ji's or Wright's dye, and examine them under a microscope to find malaria parasites.
Immunological examination. The main methods include indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), ELISA, etc.
Molecular biology examination. DNA probes and PCR have high sensitivity and specificity, and can effectively assist in vitro diagnosis (IVD).
Serological tests. Circulating antigen testing and circulating antibody testing can diagnose existing patients and carriers.
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Reference
Josling G A, Llinás M. (2015). Sexual development in Plasmodium parasites: knowing when it's time to commit[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 13(9): 573-587.
Figure 1. The life cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. (Josling G A, et al., 2015)
